Understanding HIV PEP: What You Need to Know to Stay Protected

 

What is HIV PEP?

PEP stands for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. It’s a short-term course of HIV medication taken after a possible exposure to the virus. If started quickly—ideally within 72 hours—PEP can significantly reduce the chance of becoming HIV-positive.  Two current PEP therapy includes Tenofovir + Emtricitabine and Raltegravir/Dolutegravir OR Tenofovir + Emtricitabine and Duranavir + Ritonavir. 

 

PEP is not a daily medication for people who are regularly at risk (that’s called PrEP). Instead, PEP is used in emergencies, after a single high-risk event such as unprotected sex with someone who may have HIV, sharing needles, or in the case of sexual assault.

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When Should You Use PEP?  

PEP is intended for emergency use and should be started as soon as possible after potential exposure to HIV. The sooner you begin, the better. Ideally, PEP should be started within 2 hours, but it can be effective if started up to 72 hours (3 days) later.

 

Some examples of when PEP might be appropriate:

- Unprotected sex with someone whose HIV status is unknown or positive  

- Condom breaks during sex  

- Sharing needles or syringes  

- Sexual assault  

- Occupational exposure (e.g., a healthcare worker is accidentally stuck with a needle)

 

How Does PEP Work?  

PEP involves taking a combination of anti-retroviral medicines every day for 28 days. These medications help stop the virus from multiplying in your body, giving your immune system a chance to clear the infection before it becomes permanent.

 

PEP is most effective when taken exactly as prescribed, without missing doses.

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Is PEP Effective?  

When taken correctly and started within 72 hours, PEP can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 70%—often much more. However, it's not guaranteed to work, which is why it’s best used alongside other prevention strategies like condoms or PrEP.

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Are There Side Effects?  

Some people experience side effects like nausea, fatigue, or headaches, but these are usually mild and temporary. Most people are able to complete the 28-day treatment without major problems.​

 

Prevention is Better Than Emergency  

While PEP is a powerful tool, it’s meant for emergencies. If you find yourself needing PEP often, you might want to talk to your healthcare provider or reach out to our pharmacists to discuss about PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)*, a daily pill that prevents HIV in people who are regularly at risk.

 

HIV PEP can be a lifesaving option if you’ve had a recent high-risk exposure to HIV. It’s safe, effective, and most importantly—time-sensitive. Knowing about PEP and acting quickly can make all the difference.